There are 3 species known in Tanzania: Aethomys chrysophilus, Aethomys hindei, Aethomys kaiseri.These rats are commonly mistaken for Rattus rattus, but have softer fur and lighter coloration often with "streaks" in the pattern of the dorsal fur.

There are 2 species recorded in Tanzania: Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus. Rattus rattus is a familiar rodent because it is usually found associated with human habitation. Rattus norvegicus is commonly found near seaports.